Valley fever, also known as coccidiomycosis, is a common fungal infection found in the southwestern United States. The infection usually affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, posing significant health risks, especially for children. Valley fever is contracted by inhaling spores from the soil where the fungus lives. Although this infection can affect anyone, children are particularly susceptible due to their developing immune systems.
Valley fever is often misdiagnosed, causing treatment to be delayed when necessary.
Symptoms of valley fever
Identifying valley fever in children can be challenging because the symptoms are often similar to those of many other respiratory diseases. Common symptoms include persistent or recurring fever, a dry cough that does not seem to improve with time, and fatigue. A child may also have chest pain, rash with raised, red bumps on the legs and upper body, joint pain, or headache.
The first symptoms of valley fever often appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungal spores. Some children may experience milder symptoms that go away on their own, and some may develop more severe symptoms. Parents should know what to look for and seek medical attention if these symptoms persist, especially if there is exposure to environments where these traces may be found.
What to expect at the doctor
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of valley fever. If doctors suspect this disease, they will likely order several tests, including a blood test, chest X-ray, and sputum cultures. A blood test will identify antibodies against the infection. Chest X-rays assess any lung abnormalities caused by the fungus. A sputum culture is performed to attempt to identify fungal spores in the respiratory secretions.
Treatment of valley fever
Treatment options for valley fever depend on the severity of the infection. Most cases are mild and resolve without medical treatment. Rest, hydration, and supportive care may be recommended to treat these mild cases. Moderate to severe cases may require antifungal medications such as fluconazole or itraconazole. These medications help control the infection and help control its spread to other parts of the body.
Prevent exposure to valley fever
The best way to reduce the risk of valley fever is to avoid exposure to the fungus. Avoid activities that disturb the soil in areas where the fungus is more common. This is especially important during dry, windy conditions. Consider wearing a mask and protective clothing when participating in outdoor activities in high-risk areas. Stay aware of symptoms and seek medical care if Valley fever is suspected.
Valley fever can be a serious but manageable illness. Awareness and prompt medical attention are critical to ensuring the health and well-being of children in affected regions of the United States. Recognizing the symptoms of Valley Fever and understanding treatment options are critical to reducing the impact this infection can have on children’s health.